Adhidvipa

Adhidvipa is a marvelous configuration of straight lines and curved lines. It contains many oceans, mountains, forests and rivers. Straight lines depict various ksetras or continents, khandas or subcontinents and mountains. Curved lines depict rivers and circles represent oceans. Large fish swim in the oceans. The first dvipa is Jambudvipa accompanied by an ocean. The last is Svayambhuramana Samudra (ocean) and the dvipas or landmass, which lie in between them increase in diameter by two-fold, i.e. the second is double than the first, the third is twice larger than the second and so forth. Among the numerous landmasses the central one is Jambudvipa, which is of the shape of bangle. They encircle each other. Next to Jambudvipa lies the Dhataki Khanda Dvipa. The third is Puskar dvipa, the fourth is Varunivaradvipa. Fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth dvipas respectively are Ksiravara, Ghrtavara, Iksuvara, Nandisvara and Aruna. Now follow the names of the oceans. Lavana Samudra encircles the first landmass, Jambudvipa. The second dvipa is surrounded by Kalodadhi Ocean. The third ocean and subsequent oceans are named after dvipa that each encircles, thus, Puskaravara Ocean, Varunivara Ocean, Ksiravara Ocean and so forth. Brhat Sangrahani Verse 81 explains that Adhidvipa comprises of Jambudvipa, surrounded by Lavana Samudra, which in turn is encircled by Dhataki Khanda Dvipa surrounded by Kalodadhi Ocean and half of the Puskar dvipa. It is the region in which the phenomenon of birth and death of human beings (Manusya Ksetra) occurs.